суббота, 13 января 2018 г.

Examples / Support / Emphasis

В фонетической транскрипции используется обычная для речи редукция, например:

 to - /tə/

 of - /əv/



 Reformulation / Clarification


  • in other words

/ɪn ˈʌðɚ wɝdz/


  • to put it differently

/tə pʊt ɪt ˈdɪfɚəntli/


  • for one thing

/fɔr wʌn θɪŋ/


  • as an illustration

/æz ən ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/


  • in this case

/ɪn ðɪs keɪs/


  • for this reason

/fɔr ðɪs ˈrizən/


  • to put it another way

/tə pʊt ɪt əˈnʌðɚ weɪ/


  • that is to say

/ðæt ɪz tə seɪ/


  • with attention to

/wɪð əˈtɛnʃən tə/


  • by all means

/baɪ ɔl minz/



Emphasis / Importance


  • important to realize

/ɪmˈpɔrtənt tə ˈrilaɪz/


  • another key point

/əˈnʌðɚ ki pɔɪnt/


  • first thing to remember

/fɝst θɪŋ tə rɪˈmɛmbɚ/


  • most compelling evidence

/moʊst kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈɛvɪdəns/


  • must be remembered

/mʌst bi rɪˈmɛmbɚd/


  • point often overlooked

/pɔɪnt ˈɔfən ˌoʊvɚˈlʊkt/


  • to point out

/tə pɔɪnt aʊt/



Contrast / Framing


  • on the positive side

/ɑn ðə ˈpɑzətɪv saɪd/


  • on the negative side

/ɑn ðə ˈnɛɡətɪv saɪd/


  • with this in mind

/wɪð ðɪs ɪn maɪnd/



Focus / Scope


  • notably

/ˈnoʊtəbli/


  • including

/ɪnˈkludɪŋ/


  • like

/laɪk/


  • to be sure

/tə bi ʃʊr/


  • namely

/ˈneɪmli/


  • chiefly

/ˈtʃifli/



Stance / Certainty


  • truly

/ˈtruli/


  • indeed

/ɪnˈdid/


  • certainly

/ˈsɝtənli/


  • surely

/ˈʃʊrli/


  • markedly

/ˈmɑrkɪdli/


  • such as

/sʌtʃ æz/



Precision / Manner


  • especially

/ɪˈspɛʃəli/


  • explicitly

/ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli/


  • specifically

/spəˈsɪfɪkli/


  • expressly

/ɪkˈsprɛsli/


  • surprisingly

/sɚˈpraɪzɪŋli/



Frequency / Degree


  • frequently

/ˈfrikwəntli/


  • significantly

/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/


  • particularly

/pɚˈtɪkjəlɚli/



Generalization / Detail


  • in fact

/ɪn fækt/


  • in general

/ɪn ˈdʒɛnɚəl/


  • in particular

/ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/


  • in detail

/ɪn ˈdiˌteɪl/



Examples / Support


  • for example

/fɔr ɪɡˈzæmpəl/


  • for instance

/fɔr ˈɪnstəns/



Discourse Functions


  • to demonstrate

/tə ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt/


  • to emphasize

/tə ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz/


  • to repeat

/tə rɪˈpit/


  • to clarify

/tə ˈklærəˌfaɪ/


  • to explain

/tə ɪkˈspleɪn/


  • to enumerate

/tə ɪˈnumɚˌeɪt/


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