who'd, hood

who’d - /hud/

hood - /hʊd/ 

• Who’d leave a jacket hood outside?

/hud liv ə ˈdʒækət hʊd aʊtˈsaɪd/ 

• Who’d damage the car hood like that?

/hud ˈdæmɪdʒ ðə kɑr hʊd laɪk ðæt/ 

• Who’d wear a hood in this heat?

/hud wɛr ə hʊd ɪn ðɪs hit/ 

• Who’d paint the hood bright red?

/hud peɪnt ðə hʊd braɪt rɛd/ 

• Who’d pull the hood over their face?

/hud pʊl ðə hʊd ˈoʊvɚ ðɛr feɪs/ 

• Who’d clean the hood after the storm?

/hud klin ðə hʊd ˈæftɚ ðə stɔrm/ 

• Who’d put a hood on the engine?

/hud pʊt ə hʊd ɑn ði ˈɛndʒən/ 

• Who’d recognize him under the hood?

/hud ˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz hɪm ˈʌndɚ ðə hʊd/ 

• Who’d leave the hood open all night?

/hud liv ðə hʊd ˈoʊpən ɔl naɪt/ 

• Who’d buy a coat without a hood?

/hud baɪ ə koʊt wɪˈðaʊt ə hʊd/ 

• who’d - /hud/ - сокращение от "who would" или "who had". 

/u/

- долгий звук

- губы напряженно округлены

- язык поднят и напряжен

who’d рифмуется со словами: food /fud/, mood /mud/, rude /rud/, viewed /vjud/, glued /ɡlud/.

• hood - /hʊd/ - капот, капюшон, колпак, кожух, крышка, чехол, закрывать, скрывать.

/ʊ/

- звук краткий, более расслабленный

- язык немного ниже 

hood рифмуется со словами: good /ɡʊd/, wood /wʊd/,  stood /stʊd/, could /kʊd/, should /ʃʊd/.

Звук /h/. General American

Звук / u /. General American

Звук / ʊ /. General American

Звук /d/. General American

chose, choose

chose - /tʃoʊz/

choose - /tʃuz/ 

chose - choose - chose - choose

/tʃoʊz - tʃuz - tʃoʊz - tʃuz/

• She chose to choose the blue one.

/ʃi tʃoʊz tə tʃuz ðə blu wʌn/ 

• He chose carefully before he could choose.

/hi tʃoʊz ˈkɛrfəli bɪˈfɔr hi kʊd tʃuz/ 

• They chose not to choose immediately.

/ðeɪ tʃoʊz nɑt tə tʃuz ɪˈmidiətli/ 

• I chose quickly because I had to choose fast.

/aɪ tʃoʊz ˈkwɪkli bɪˈkʌz aɪ hæd tə tʃuz fæst/ 

• We chose a place where everyone could choose freely.

/wi tʃoʊz ə pleɪs wɛr ˈɛvriˌwʌn kʊd tʃuz ˈfrili/ 

• She chose today to choose a new path.

/ʃi tʃoʊz təˈdeɪ tə tʃuz ə nu pæθ/ 

• He chose wisely when asked to choose.

/hi tʃoʊz ˈwaɪzli wɛn æskt tə tʃuz/ 

• They chose one option but may choose another later.

/ðeɪ tʃoʊz wʌn ˈɑpʃən bʌt meɪ tʃuz əˈnʌðɚ ˈleɪtɚ/ 

• I chose that store because I could choose easily there.

/aɪ tʃoʊz ðæt stɔr bɪˈkʌz aɪ kʊd tʃuz ˈizəli ðɛr/ 

• She chose first, then let others choose.

/ʃi tʃoʊz fɝst, ðɛn lɛt ˈʌðɚz tʃuz/ 

• chose - /tʃoʊz/ - выбирать.

chose рифмуется со словами: nose /noʊz/, rose /roʊz/, goes /ɡoʊz/, flows /floʊz/, froze /froʊz/.

• choose - /tʃuz/ - выбрал, выбирал. Прошедшее от chose.

choose рифмуется со словами: shoes /ʃuz/, blues /bluz/, news /nuz/, lose /luz/, cruise /kruz/.

Звук /tʃ/. General American

Звук / u /. General American

Звук /oʊ/. General American

told, tolled

told - /toʊɫd/ 

tolled - /toʊɫd/ 

told - tolled - told - tolled

/toʊɫd - toʊɫd - toʊɫd - toʊɫd/

• He told me the bell tolled at noon.

/hi toʊɫd mi ðə bɛɫ toʊɫd æt nun/ 

• She told us why the church bell tolled.

/ʃi toʊɫd ʌs waɪ ðə tʃɝtʃ bɛɫ toʊɫd/ 

• They told a story as the bell tolled.

/ðeɪ toʊɫd ə ˈstɔri æz ðə bɛɫ toʊɫd/ 

• I told him when the bell tolled.

/aɪ toʊɫd hɪm wɛn ðə bɛɫ toʊɫd/ 

• She told the time after the bell tolled.

/ʃi toʊɫd ðə taɪm ˈæftɚ ðə bɛɫ toʊɫd/ 

• We were told that the bell tolled loudly.

/wi wɚ toʊɫd ðæt ðə bɛɫ toʊld ˈlaʊdli/ 

• He told the truth while the bell tolled.

/hi toʊɫd ðə truθ waɪɫ ðə bɛɫ toʊɫd/ 

• They told everyone as the bell tolled again.

/ðeɪ toʊɫd ˈɛvriˌwʌn æz ðə bɛɫ toʊɫd əˈɡɛn/ 

• I was told the moment the bell tolled.

/aɪ wəz toʊɫd ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðə bɛɫ toʊɫd/ 

• She told a secret when the bell tolled twice.

/ʃi toʊɫd ə ˈsikrət wɛn ðə bɛɫ toʊɫd twaɪs/ 

• told - /toʊɫd/ - сказал, говорил. Прошедшее время от tell.

• tolled - /toʊɫd/ - звонил (в колокол). Прошедшее время от toll.

Оба слова told и tolled произносятся одинаково /toʊɫd/ и рифмуются со словами: goɫd /ɡoʊld/, cold /koʊɫd/, bold /boʊɫd/, sold /soʊɫd/, old /oʊɫd/.

Звук /t/ в начале слова

Звук /oʊ/. General American

Dark L

Звук /d/. General American

сolonel, kernel

colonel - /ˈkɝnəɫ/ 

kernel - /ˈkɝnəɫ/ 

colonel - kernel - colonel - kernel

/ˈkɝnəɫ - ˈkɝnəɫ - ˈkɝnəɫ - ˈkɝnəɫ/

• The colonel examined a corn kernel.

/ðə ˈkɝnəl ɪɡˈzæmɪnd ə kɔrn ˈkɝnəɫ/ 

• A colonel dropped a kernel on the floor.

/ə ˈkɝnəɫ drɑpt ə ˈkɝnəl ɑn ðə flɔr/ 

• The colonel picked up each kernel carefully.

/ðə ˈkɝnəɫ pɪkt ʌp itʃ ˈkɝnəɫ ˈkɛrfəli/ 

• That colonel studies every corn kernel.

/ðæt ˈkɝnəɫ ˈstʌdiz ˈɛvri kɔrn ˈkɝnəɫ/ 

• The colonel held a single kernel in his hand.

/ðə ˈkɝnəɫ hɛɫd ə ˈsɪŋɡəɫ ˈkɝnəl ɪn hɪz hænd/ 

• A colonel can recognize a good kernel.

/ə ˈkɝnəɫ kæn ˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz ə ɡʊd ˈkɝnəɫ/ 

• The colonel inspected each kernel closely.

/ðə ˈkɝnəl ɪnˈspɛktɪd itʃ ˈkɝnəɫ ˈkloʊsli/ 

• That colonel cooked every kernel evenly.

/ðæt ˈkɝnəɫ kʊkt ˈɛvri ˈkɝnəl ˈivənli/ 

• The colonel counted each kernel twice.

/ðə ˈkɝnəɫ ˈkaʊntɪd itʃ ˈkɝnəɫ twaɪs/ 

• A colonel carried a bag of kernels.

/ə ˈkɝnəɫ ˈkærid ə bæɡ əv ˈkɝnəɫz/

• colonel - /ˈkɝnəl/ - полковник
• kernel - /ˈkɝnəl/ - ядро, зерно, стержень, суть, зернышко, ядрышко, сердцевина.

Звук /k/. General American

Звук /ɝ/. General American

Звук /n/. General American

Звук /ə/. General American

Silent L

Dark L

tall, toll

tall - /tɔɫ/

toll - /toʊɫ/ 

/ɔ/ vs /oʊ/ 

tall - toll - tall - toll

/tɔɫ - toʊɫ - tɔɫ - toʊɫ/

• The tall man paid the toll.

/ðə tɔɫ mæn peɪd ðə toʊɫ/ 

• A tall tree stood near the toll booth.

/ə tɔɫ tri stʊd nɪr ðə toʊɫ buθ/ 

• She saw a tall sign for the toll road.

/ʃi sɔ ə tɔɫ saɪn fər ðə toʊɫ roʊd/ 

• The tall driver stopped at the toll.

/ðə tɔɫ ˈdraɪvɚ stɑpt æt ðə toʊɫ/ 

• They built a tall gate by the toll station.

/ðeɪ bɪɫt ə tɔɫ ɡeɪt baɪ ðə toʊɫ ˈsteɪʃən/ 

• A tall building overlooks the toll plaza.

/ə tɔɫ ˈbɪɫdɪŋ ˈoʊvɚlʊks ðə toʊɫ ˈplæzə/ 

• The tall guard collected the toll.

/ðə tɔɫ ɡɑrd kəˈlɛktɪd ðə toʊɫ/ 

• He is tall enough to see the toll sign.

/hi ɪz tɔl ɪˈnʌf tə si ðə toʊɫ saɪn/ 

• The tall bridge requires a toll.

/ðə tɔɫ brɪdʒ rɪˈkwaɪɚz ə toʊɫ/ 

• A tall fence surrounds the toll area.

/ə tɔɫ fɛns səˈraʊndz ðə toʊl ˈɛriə/ 

• tall - /tɔɫ/ - высокий.

tall рифмуется со словами: call /kɔɫ/, ball /bɔɫ/, fall /fɔɫ/, wall /wɔɫ/, small /smɔɫ/.

• toll - /toʊɫ/ - пошлина, сбор , потери, отсчет, количество пострадавших , звонить (в колокол).

toll рифмуется со словами: goal /ɡoʊɫ/, role /roʊɫ/, soul /soʊɫ/, whole /hoʊɫ/, pole /poʊɫ/.

В некоторых американских акцентах /ɔ/ (как в слове tall) может звучать ближе к /ɑ/ (как в слове father), поэтому:

tall может звучать как /tɑl/ для некоторых носителей языка.

Но toll /toʊl/ остается всегда с четким /oʊ/.

Звук /t/ в начале слова

Звук /ɔ/. General American

Звук /oʊ/. General American

/ɔ/ vs /oʊ/

Dark L

black, block

black - /blæk/

block - /blɑk/

black - block - black - block

/blæk - blɑk - blæk - blɑk/

• He placed the black box on the block.

/hi pleɪst ðə blæk bɑks ɑn ðə blɑk/ 

• The black cat jumped onto the block.

/ðə blæk kæt dʒʌmpt ˈɑntu ðə blɑk/ 

• She painted the block black.

/ʃi ˈpeɪntɪd ðə blɑk blæk/ 

• A black mark appeared on the block.

/ə blæk mɑrk əˈpɪrd ɑn ðə blɑk/ 

• They stacked the black bricks into a block.

/ðeɪ stækt ðə blæk brɪks ˈɪntu ə blɑk/

 

• The black car stopped by the block.

/ðə blæk kɑr stɑpt baɪ ðə blɑk/ 

• He saw a black sign near the block.

/hi sɔ ə blæk saɪn nɪr ðə blɑk/ 

• The black dog ran around the block.

/ðə blæk dɔɡ ræn əˈraʊnd ðə blɑk/ 

• She dropped the black bag on the block.

/ʃi drɑpt ðə blæk bæɡ ɑn ðə blɑk/ 

• The black line crosses the block.

/ðə blæk laɪn ˈkrɔsɪz ðə blɑk/ 

• black - /blæk/ - чёрный

/æ/ - язык впереди, кончик упирается в нижние зубы, рот открыт в улыбке.

black рифмуется со словами: back /bæk/, pack /pæk/, stack /stæk/, track /træk/, snack /snæk/.

• block - /blɑk/ - блок, блокировка, преграда, квартал, кубики, блокировать, препятствовать.

/ɑ/ - челюсть вниз, губы расслабленные, язык оттянут назад.

block рифмуется со словами: rock /rɑk/,  sock /sɑk/, lock /lɑk/, dock /dɑk/, knock /nɑk/.

Звук / b /

Звук / L /. General American

Звук /æ/. General American

Звук /ɑ/. General American

Звук /k/. General American

insofar, so far

insofar - /ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr/

so far - /soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as we know, we’ve come so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz wi noʊ, wiv kʌm soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as it matters, you’ve gone so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz ɪt ˈmætɚz, juv ɡɔn soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as I can tell, we are so far ahead.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz aɪ kən tɛl, wi ɑr soʊ fɑr əˈhɛd/ 

• Insofar as this works, we’ve improved so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz ðɪs wɝks, wiv ɪmˈpruvd soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as they agree, we’ve succeeded so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz ðeɪ əˈɡri, wiv səkˈsidɪd soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as I understand, you’ve come so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz aɪ ˌʌndɚˈstænd, juv kʌm soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as this is true, we’ve gone so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz ðɪs ɪz tru, wiv ɡɔn soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as we planned, things have worked so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz wi plænd, θɪŋz hæv wɝkt soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as he knows, they’ve traveled so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz hi noʊz, ðeɪv ˈtrævəld soʊ fɑr/ 

• Insofar as it helps, we’ve advanced so far.

/ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr æz ɪt hɛlps, wiv ədˈvænst soʊ fɑr/

• insofar - /ˌɪnsoʊˈfɑr/ - поскольку, до такой степени.

• so far - /soʊ fɑr/ - до сих пор, пока, до настоящего времени.

Звук /ɪ/. General American

Звук /n/. General American

Звук /s/. General American

Звук /oʊ/. General American

Звук /f/. General American