lonely, only

lonely - /ˈloʊnli/

only - /ˈoʊnli/

• I felt lonely because I was the only person at home.

/aɪ fɛlt ˈloʊnli bɪˈkʌz aɪ wəz ði ˈoʊnli ˈpɝsən æt hoʊm/

• She felt lonely in the new city because her only friend lived far away.

/ʃi fɛlt ˈloʊnli ɪn ðə nu ˈsɪti bɪˈkʌz hɚ ˈoʊnli frɛnd lɪvd fɑr əˈweɪ/

• He sometimes feels lonely when he is the only person working from home.

/hi ˈsʌmtaɪmz filz ˈloʊnli wɛn hi ɪz ði ˈoʊnli ˈpɝsən ˈwɝkɪŋ frəm hoʊm/

• I felt lonely when I moved abroad, and English was the only language I could practice every day.

/aɪ fɛlt ˈloʊnli wɛn aɪ muvd əˈbrɔd, ən ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ wəz ði ˈoʊnli ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ aɪ kʊd ˈpræktɪs ˈɛvri deɪ/

• The lonely dog waited for the only person who regularly visited him.

/ðə ˈloʊnli dɔɡ ˈweɪtɪd fər ði ˈoʊnli ˈpɝsən hu ˈrɛɡjələrli ˈvɪzɪtɪd hɪm/

• It was the only weekend when I didn't feel lonely.

/ɪt wəz ði ˈoʊnli ˈwikˌɛnd wɛn aɪ ˈdɪdənt fil ˈloʊnli/

• She wasn't lonely at work because her only colleague sat next to her.

/ʃi ˈwɑzənt ˈloʊnli æt wɝk bɪˈkʌz hɚ ˈoʊnli ˈkɑliɡ sæt nɛkst tə hɚ/

• His only phone call that day made him feel less lonely.

/hɪz ˈoʊnli foʊn kɔl ðæt deɪ meɪd hɪm fil lɛs ˈloʊnli/

• The lonely traveler discovered that the only café in the village was still open.

/ðə ˈloʊnli ˈtrævələr dɪˈskʌvɚd ðæt ði ˈoʊnli kæˈfeɪ ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪdʒ wəz stɪl ˈoʊpən/

• The only way to help a lonely person is to show genuine interest in them.

/ði ˈoʊnli weɪ tə hɛlp ə ˈloʊnli ˈpɝsən ɪz tə ʃoʊ ˈdʒɛnjuɪn ˈɪntrəst ɪn ðɛm/

• lonely - /ˈloʊnli/ - одинокий, уединенный, пустынный, одиноко.

• only - /ˈoʊnli/ - только, всего лишь , только, исключительно , только что , единственный , но, только.

Звук /L/. General American

Звук /oʊ/. General American

Звук /n/. General American

Звук / i /. General American

severity, civility

severity - /səˈvɛrəti/

civility - /səˈvɪləti/

• The severity of the problem required civility during the discussion.

/ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ðə ˈprɑbləm rɪˈkwaɪrd səˈvɪləti ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dɪˈskʌʃən/

• Despite the severity of the criticism, she responded with civility.

/dɪˈspaɪt ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ðə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm, ʃi rɪˈspɑndəd wɪð səˈvɪləti/

• The manager explained the severity of the issue and asked everyone to maintain civility.

/ðə ˈmænədʒɚ ɪkˈspleɪnd ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ði ˈɪʃu ən æskt ˈɛvriˌwʌn tə meɪnˈteɪn səˈvɪləti/

• The severity of the bug was obvious, but the team discussed it with civility.

/ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ðə bʌɡ wəz ˈɑbviəs, bət ðə tim dɪˈskʌst ɪt wɪð səˈvɪləti/

• Everyone understood the severity of the situation and agreed to communicate with civility.

/ˈɛvriˌwʌn ˌʌndɚˈstʊd ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ðə ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən ən əˈɡrid tə kəˈmjunəˌkeɪt wɪð səˈvɪləti/

• The doctor explained the severity of the condition with great civility.

/ðə ˈdɑktɚ ɪkˈspleɪnd ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ðə kənˈdɪʃən wɪð ɡreɪt səˈvɪləti/

Here, the two words contrast very clearly in the middle:

• We should recognize the severity of the error without losing civility.

/wi ʃʊd ˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ði ˈɛrɚ wɪˈðaʊt ˈluzɪŋ səˈvɪləti/

• The severity of his response surprised me, but I appreciated his civility afterward.

/ðə səˈvɛrəti əv hɪz rɪˈspɑns sərˈpraɪzd mi, bət aɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪtəd hɪz səˈvɪləti ˈæftɚwɚd/

• Even when discussing the severity of the failure, the engineers maintained civility.

/ˈivən wɛn dɪˈskʌsɪŋ ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ðə ˈfeɪljɚ, ði ˌɛndʒəˈnɪrz meɪnˈteɪnd səˈvɪləti/

This is particularly useful for a QA/workplace context.

• The severity of the conflict made civility more important than ever.

/ðə səˈvɛrəti əv ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt meɪd səˈvɪləti mɔr ɪmˈpɔrtənt ðæn ˈɛvɚ/

• severity - /səˈvɛrəti/ - суровость, строгость, жестокость, cерьёзность проблемы, трудности, тяготы, точность.

• civility - /səˈvɪləti/ - вежливость, любезность, корректность.

Звук /s/. General American

Звук /ə/. General American

Звук /v/. General American

Звук /ɛ/. General American

Звук /ɪ/. General American

Звук /r/. General American

Звук /t/ в середине слова между гласными - /ɾ/ - Flap T

Звук / i /. General American

Гласные звуки на конце английских слов

service, surface

service - /ˈsɝvɪs/

surface - /ˈsɝfɪs/

• The service was excellent, but the surface of the table was dirty.

/ðə ˈsɝvɪs wəz ˈɛksələnt, bət ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə ˈteɪbəl wəz ˈdɝti/

• The mechanic provided good service and polished the surface of the car.

/ðə məˈkænɪk prəˈvaɪdəd ɡʊd ˈsɝvɪs ən ˈpɑlɪʃt ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə kɑr/

• The service returned an error when the user clicked the surface of the button.

/ðə ˈsɝvɪs rɪˈtɝnd ən ˈɛrɚ wɛn ðə ˈjuzɚ klɪkt ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə ˈbʌtən/

• The cleaning service removed the stains from the surface of the floor.

/ðə ˈklinɪŋ ˈsɝvɪs rɪˈmuvd ðə steɪnz frəm ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə flɔr/

• The hotel service was friendly, and the surface of the pool was perfectly clean.

/ðə hoʊˈtɛl ˈsɝvɪs wəz ˈfrɛndli, ən ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə pul wəz ˈpɝfɪktli klin/

• The service included a new table, but its surface needed polishing.

/ðə ˈsɝvɪs ɪnˈkludəd ə nu ˈteɪbəl, bət ɪts ˈsɝfɪs ˈnidəd ˈpɑlɪʃɪŋ/

• The internet service was unreliable, especially when the surface of the router became hot.

/ði ˈɪntɚˌnɛt ˈsɝvɪs wəz ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbəl, ɪˈspɛʃəli wɛn ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə ˈraʊtɚ bɪˈkeɪm hɑt/

• The medical service was available, but the surface of the wound needed attention.

/ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɝvɪs wəz əˈveɪləbəl, bət ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə wund ˈnidəd əˈtɛnʃən/

• The repair service replaced the screen and cleaned the surface of the laptop.

/ðə rɪˈpɛr ˈsɝvɪs rɪˈpleɪst ðə skrin ən klind ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə ˈlæpˌtɑp/

• The maintenance service repaired the surface of the stairs before the building opened.

/ðə ˈmeɪntənəns ˈsɝvɪs rɪˈpɛrd ðə ˈsɝfɪs əv ðə stɛrz bɪˈfɔr ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈoʊpənd/

• service - /ˈsɝvɪs/ - обслуживание, служба, обслуживать, случать, служебный.
• surface - /ˈsɝfɪs/ -  поверхность, поверхностный, внешний, всплывать. 

Звук /s/. General American

Звук /ɝ/. General American

Звук /v/. General American

Звук /f/. General American

/ v / vs / f /

Звук /ɪ/. General American

govern, gown

govern - /ˈɡʌvɚn/

gown - /ɡaʊn/

• The government can govern the country, but it cannot decide what gown you should wear.

/ðə ˈɡʌvɚnmənt kən ˈɡʌvɚn ðə ˈkʌntri, bət ɪt ˈkænɑt dɪˈsaɪd wʌt ɡaʊn ju ʃʊd wɛr/

• The queen wore a beautiful gown while she helped govern the kingdom.

/ðə kwin wɔr ə ˈbjutəfəl ɡaʊn waɪl ʃi hɛlpt ˈɡʌvɚn ðə ˈkɪŋdəm/

• The laws that govern the country have nothing to do with the color of her gown.

/ðə lɔz ðæt ˈɡʌvɚn ðə ˈkʌntri hæv ˈnʌθɪŋ tə du wɪð ðə ˈkʌlər əv hɚ ɡaʊn/

• She wore a long gown to the ceremony where the president spoke about how to govern effectively.

/ʃi wɔr ə lɔŋ ɡaʊn tə ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni wɛr ðə ˈprɛzədənt spoʊk əˈbaʊt haʊ tə ˈɡʌvɚn ɪˈfɛktɪvli/

• A leader must learn how to govern fairly, regardless of the gown worn at the ceremony.

/ə ˈlidɚ məst lɝn haʊ tə ˈɡʌvɚn ˈfɛrli, rɪˈɡɑrdləs əv ðə ɡaʊn wɔrn æt ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/

• The people wanted someone who could govern wisely, while she simply wanted to choose a new gown.

/ðə ˈpipəl ˈwɑntəd ˈsʌmwʌn hu kʊd ˈɡʌvɚn ˈwaɪzli, waɪl ʃi ˈsɪmpli ˈwɑntəd tə tʃuz ə nu ɡaʊn/

This is a nice contrast between the serious meaning of govern and the clothing meaning of gown.

• The rules govern what employees can wear, including whether a gown is appropriate.

/ðə rulz ˈɡʌvɚn wʌt ɛmˈplɔɪiz kən wɛr, ɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈwɛðɚ ə ɡaʊn ɪz əˈproʊpriət/

• The university is governed by strict policies, but students can still choose their own gowns for graduation.

/ðə ˌjunəˈvɝsəti ɪz ˈɡʌvɚnd baɪ strɪkt ˈpɑləsiz, bət ˈstudənts kən stɪl tʃuz ðɛr oʊn ɡaʊnz fər ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃən/

• The committee will govern the process, while the designer will create the gown.

/ðə kəˈmɪti wɪl ˈɡʌvɚn ðə ˈprɑsɛs, waɪl ðə dɪˈzaɪnɚ wɪl kriˈeɪt ðə ɡaʊn/

• It is difficult to govern a country, but choosing the right gown can also be surprisingly complicated.

/ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tə ˈɡʌvɚn ə ˈkʌntri, bət ˈtʃuzɪŋ ðə raɪt ɡaʊn kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi sərˈpraɪzɪŋli ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd/

• govern - /ˈɡʌvɚn/ - управлять, определять, регулировать, править, руководить, влиять, направлять.

Два слога.

• gown - /ɡaʊn/ - платье (обычно длинное, вечернее или торжественное), мантия, римская тога, халат, одевать, облачать.

Один слог с дифтонгом.

gown рифмуется со словами: down /daʊn/, frown /fraʊn/, noun /naʊn/, town /taʊn/, brown /braʊn/, crown /kraʊn/, drown /draʊn/, clown /klaʊn/.

frown - /fraʊn/ - хмуриться, нахмуриться, хмурить брови, хмурый взгляд, сдвинутые брови.

Звуки /g/ и / dʒ /
Звук /ʌ/. General American
Звук /aʊ/. General American
Звук /v/. General American
Звук /ɚ/. General American
Звук /n/. General American

manage, control, govern, rule

heard, herd

heard - /hɝd/

herd - /hɝd/

heard - herd - heard - herd

/hɝd - hɝd - hɝd - hɝd/

• I heard that the farmer moved the herd to a new field.

/aɪ hɝd ðæt ðə ˈfɑrmɚ muvd ðə hɝd tə ə nu fiːld/

• She heard the herd moving through the forest.

/ʃi hɝd ðə hɝd ˈmuvɪŋ θru ðə ˈfɔrəst/

• We heard the herd of cows before we saw it.

/wi hɝd ðə hɝd əv kaʊz bɪˈfɔr wi sɔ ɪt/

Here, context tells you which spelling is intended.

• Have you heard about the herd of wild horses?

/hæv ju hɝd əˈbaʊt ðə hɝd əv waɪld ˈhɔrsɪz/

heard about = learned about something

herd = group of horses

• I heard the farmer say that the herd was getting bigger.

/aɪ hɝd ðə ˈfɑrmɚ seɪ ðæt ðə hɝd wəz ˈɡɛtɪŋ ˈbɪɡɚ/

The two /hɝd/ words are identical in pronunciation.

• She had heard that the herd had escaped from the farm.

/ʃi hæd hɝd ðæt ðə hɝd hæd ɪˈskeɪpt frəm ðə fɑrm/

This is a good sentence for practicing the difference between spelling and pronunciation.

• The farmer heard a noise coming from the herd.

/ðə ˈfɑrmɚ hɝd ə nɔɪz ˈkʌmɪŋ frəm ðə hɝd/

• I heard that the herd was moved during the night.

/aɪ hɝd ðæt ðə hɝd wəz muvd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə naɪt/

• When I heard the herd, I knew we were close to the farm.

/wɛn aɪ hɝd ðə hɝd, aɪ nu wi wɚ kloʊs tə ðə fɑrm/

• Have you ever heard a herd of elephants from that far away?

/hæv ju ˈɛvɚ hɝd ə hɝd əv ˈɛləfənts frəm ðæt fɑr əˈweɪ/

• heard - /hɝd/ - слышал, прошедшее время (Simple Past) и причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle) от неправильного глагола hear (слышать).

• herd - /hɝd/ - стадо, табун, толпа, гурт, стадный, пасти, толпиться, примкнуть.

Омофоны heard и herd рифмуются со словами: bird /bɝd/, curd /kɝd/, word /wɝd/, third /θɝd/, blurred /blɝd/, stirred /stɝd/, spurred /spɝd/, purred /pɝd/, slurred /slɝd/, occurred /əˈkɝd/.

curd - /kɝd/ - творог, свернувшееся молоко, свертывать, сгущать, свертываться.

blurred - /blɝd/ - размытый; расплывчатый; нерезкий; нечеткий. 

stirred - /stɝd/ - 1) размешанный, перемешанный, 2) возбудили, взбудоражили. 

spurred - /spɝd/ - 1) подстегнул, побудил, 2) снабженный шпорами, со шпорами.

purred - /pɝd/ -  мурлыкал, мурлыкала, мурлыкали.

slurred - /slɝd/ - невнятный, неразборчивый или смазанный (чаще всего о речи, когда слова сливаются и плохо выговариваются).

Звук /h/. General American

Звук /ɝ/. General American

Звук /d/. General American

taper, tape

taper - /ˈteɪpɚ/

tape - /teɪp/

• The taper became thinner as we added more tape.

/ðə ˈteɪpɚ bɪˈkeɪm ˈθɪnɚ æz wi ˈædəd mɔr teɪp/

• Use the tape to secure the taper to the wall.

/juz ðə teɪp tə sɪˈkjʊr ðə ˈteɪpɚ tə ðə wɔl/

• The taper is too narrow, so add some tape to it.

/ðə ˈteɪpɚ ɪz tu ˈnæroʊ, soʊ æd sʌm teɪp tə ɪt/

• We used tape to mark where the taper should end.

/wi juz teɪp tə mɑrk wɛr ðə ˈteɪpɚ ʃʊd ɛnd/

• The taper gets smaller toward the end, while the tape stays the same width.

/ðə ˈteɪpɚ ɡɛts ˈsmɔlər təˈwɔrd ði ɛnd, waɪl ðə teɪp steɪz ðə seɪm wɪdθ/

• Cut the tape along the taper and remove the excess.

/kʌt ðə teɪp əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈteɪpɚ ən rɪˈmuv ði ɪkˈsɛs/

• The designer used a taper to create a smooth transition and covered the joint with tape.

/ðə dɪˈzaɪnɚ juzd ə ˈteɪpɚ tə kriˈeɪt ə smuð trænˈzɪʃən ən ˈkʌvɚd ðə dʒɔɪnt wɪð teɪp/

• This taper is difficult to make without using tape as a guide.

/ðɪs ˈteɪpɚ ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tə meɪk wɪˈðaʊt ˈjuzɪŋ teɪp æz ə ɡaɪd/

• The tape follows the taper from the wide end to the narrow end.

/ðə teɪp ˈfɑloʊz ðə ˈteɪpɚ frəm ðə waɪd ɛnd tə ðə ˈnæroʊ ɛnd/

• If you taper the cable, use tape to protect the exposed end.

/ɪf ju ˈteɪpɚ ðə ˈkeɪbəl, juz teɪp tə prəˈtɛkt ði ɪkˈspoʊzd ɛnd/

• taper - /ˈteɪpɚ/ - конус, конусность, уклон, конусообразный, заострять. 

Два слога.

taper рифмуется со словами: paper /ˈpeɪpɚ/, vapor /ˈveɪpɚ/, caper /ˈkeɪpɚ/, gaper /ˈɡeɪpɚ/, scraper /ˈskreɪpɚ/. shaper /ˈʃeɪpɚ/, escaper /ɪˈskeɪpɚ/.

• tape - /teɪp/ - лента, тесьма, рулетка, волокита, записывать на пленку. 

Один слог.

tape рифмуется со словами: ape /eɪp/, cape /keɪp/, drape /dreɪp/, grape /ɡreɪp/, shape /ʃeɪp/, scrape /skreɪp/, escape /ɪˈskeɪp/, landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ , vape /veɪp/, gape /ɡeɪp/.

caper - /ˈkeɪpɚ/ -  скачок, прыжок, капер, коленце, дурачиться, скакать, шалить, прыгать. 

cape - /keɪp/ - мыс, плащ, накидка, капюшон, пелерина, держать курс.

drape - /dreɪp/ - занавешивать, драпировать.

Звук /t/ в начале слова

Звук /eɪ/. General American

Звук /p/. General American

Звук /ɚ/. General American

model, module

model - /ˈmɑdəl/

module - /ˈmɑdʒuːl/

• The model explains how the module works.

/ðə ˈmɑdəl ɪkˈspleɪnz haʊ ðə ˈmɑdʒuːl wɝks/

• We tested the model before updating the module.

/wi ˈtɛstɪd ðə ˈmɑdəl bɪˈfɔr ʌpˈdeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈmɑdʒuːl/

• The new model includes a separate module for reporting.

/ðə nu ˈmɑdəl ɪnˈkludz ə ˈsɛpərət ˈmɑdʒuːl fər rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ/

• Our team built a model to test the module.

/aʊɚ tim bɪlt ə ˈmɑdəl tə tɛst ðə ˈmɑdʒuːl/

• The model failed when the module received invalid data.

/ðə ˈmɑdəl feɪld wɛn ðə ˈmɑdʒuːl rɪˈsivd ɪnˈvælɪd ˈdeɪtə/

• The developer changed the model and then fixed the module.

/ðə dɪˈvɛləpɚ tʃeɪndʒd ðə ˈmɑdəl ən ðɛn fɪkst ðə ˈmɑdʒuːl/

• This model predicts errors in the payment module.

/ðɪs ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪkts ˈɛrɚz ɪn ðə ˈpeɪmənt ˈmɑdʒuːl/

• The training model has a module about automated testing.

/ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈmɑdəl hæz ə ˈmɑdʒuːl əˈbaʊt ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˈtɛstɪŋ/

• We compared the old model with the updated module.

/wi kəmˈpɛrd ði oʊld ˈmɑdəl wɪð ði ʌpˈdeɪtɪd ˈmɑdʒuːl/

• If the model is correct, the module should produce the expected result.

/ɪf ðə ˈmɑdəl ɪz kəˈrɛkt, ðə ˈmɑdʒuːl ʃʊd prəˈdus ði ɪkˈspɛktɪd rɪˈzʌlt/

• model - /ˈmɑdəl/ - модель, образец, макет, моделировать, лепить, образцовый, примерный.
• module - /ˈmɑdʒuːl/ - модуль, модульный отсек, автономный отсек.

Звук /m/. General American

Звук /ɑ/. General American

Звук /d/. General American

Звук /dʒ/. General American

Звук /ə/. General American

Звук /u/. General American

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