суббота, 13 января 2018 г.

Examples / Support / Emphasis

В фонетической транскрипции используется обычная для речи редукция, например:

 to - /tə/

 of - /əv/



 Reformulation / Clarification


  • in other words

/ɪn ˈʌðɚ wɝdz/


  • to put it differently

/tə pʊt ɪt ˈdɪfɚəntli/


  • for one thing

/fɔr wʌn θɪŋ/


  • as an illustration

/æz ən ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/


  • in this case

/ɪn ðɪs keɪs/


  • for this reason

/fɔr ðɪs ˈrizən/


  • to put it another way

/tə pʊt ɪt əˈnʌðɚ weɪ/


  • that is to say

/ðæt ɪz tə seɪ/


  • with attention to

/wɪð əˈtɛnʃən tə/


  • by all means

/baɪ ɔl minz/



Emphasis / Importance


  • important to realize

/ɪmˈpɔrtənt tə ˈrilaɪz/


  • another key point

/əˈnʌðɚ ki pɔɪnt/


  • first thing to remember

/fɝst θɪŋ tə rɪˈmɛmbɚ/


  • most compelling evidence

/moʊst kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈɛvɪdəns/


  • must be remembered

/mʌst bi rɪˈmɛmbɚd/


  • point often overlooked

/pɔɪnt ˈɔfən ˌoʊvɚˈlʊkt/


  • to point out

/tə pɔɪnt aʊt/



Contrast / Framing


  • on the positive side

/ɑn ðə ˈpɑzətɪv saɪd/


  • on the negative side

/ɑn ðə ˈnɛɡətɪv saɪd/


  • with this in mind

/wɪð ðɪs ɪn maɪnd/



Focus / Scope


  • notably

/ˈnoʊtəbli/


  • including

/ɪnˈkludɪŋ/


  • like

/laɪk/


  • to be sure

/tə bi ʃʊr/


  • namely

/ˈneɪmli/


  • chiefly

/ˈtʃifli/



Stance / Certainty


  • truly

/ˈtruli/


  • indeed

/ɪnˈdid/


  • certainly

/ˈsɝtənli/


  • surely

/ˈʃʊrli/


  • markedly

/ˈmɑrkɪdli/


  • such as

/sʌtʃ æz/



Precision / Manner


  • especially

/ɪˈspɛʃəli/


  • explicitly

/ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli/


  • specifically

/spəˈsɪfɪkli/


  • expressly

/ɪkˈsprɛsli/


  • surprisingly

/sɚˈpraɪzɪŋli/



Frequency / Degree


  • frequently

/ˈfrikwəntli/


  • significantly

/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/


  • particularly

/pɚˈtɪkjəlɚli/



Generalization / Detail


  • in fact

/ɪn fækt/


  • in general

/ɪn ˈdʒɛnɚəl/


  • in particular

/ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/


  • in detail

/ɪn ˈdiˌteɪl/



Examples / Support


  • for example

/fɔr ɪɡˈzæmpəl/


  • for instance

/fɔr ˈɪnstəns/



Discourse Functions


  • to demonstrate

/tə ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt/


  • to emphasize

/tə ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz/


  • to repeat

/tə rɪˈpit/


  • to clarify

/tə ˈklærəˌfaɪ/


  • to explain

/tə ɪkˈspleɪn/


  • to enumerate

/tə ɪˈnumɚˌeɪt/


Cause / Condition / Purpose

  • in the event that

/ɪn ði ɪˈvɛnt ðæt/


  • granted (that)

/ˈɡrænɪd (ðæt)/


  • as / so long as

/æz/ or /soʊ lɔŋ æz/


  • on (the) condition (that)

/ɑn (ðə) kənˈdɪʃən (ðæt)/


  • for the purpose of

/fɚ ðə ˈpɝpəs əv/


  • with this intention

/wɪð ðɪs ɪnˈtɛnʃən/


  • with this in mind

/wɪð ðɪs ɪn maɪnd/


  • in the hope that

/ɪn ðə hoʊp ðæt/


  • to the end that

/tə ði ɛnd ðæt/


  • for fear that

/fɚ fɪr ðæt/


  • in order to

/ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tə/


  • seeing / being that

/ˈsiɪŋ ðæt/ or /ˈbiɪŋ ðæt/


  • in view of

/ɪn vju əv/


  • if

/ɪf/


  • … then

/ðɛn/


  • unless

/ənˈlɛs/


  • when

/wɛn/


  • whenever

/wɛnˈɛvɚ/


  • while

/waɪl/


  • because of

/bɪˈkʌz əv/


  • as

/æz/ or weak /əz/


  • since

/sɪns/


  • while (cause/contrast)

/waɪl/


  • lest

/lɛst/


  • in case

/ɪn keɪs/


  • provided that

/prəˈvaɪdɪd ðæt/


  • given that

/ˈɡɪvən ðæt/


  • only / even if

/ˈoʊnli ɪf/

/ˈivən ɪf/


  • so that

/soʊ ðæt/


  • so as to

/soʊ æz tə/


  • owing to

/ˈoʊɪŋ tu/


  • due to

/du tu/

воскресенье, 7 января 2018 г.

Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction

Concession & Contrast Phrases

  • although this may be true

/ɔlˈðoʊ ðɪs meɪ bi tru/


  • in contrast

/ɪn ˈkɑntræst/


  • different from

/ˈdɪfrənt frəm/


  • of course, but

/əv kɔrs, bət/


  • on the other hand

/ɑn ði ˈʌðər hænd/


  • on the contrary

/ɑn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri/


  • at the same time

/æt ðə seɪm taɪm/


  • in spite of

/ɪn spaɪt əv/


  • even so

/ˈivən soʊ/


  • even though

/ˈivən ðoʊ/


  • be that as it may

/bi ðæt æz ɪt meɪ/


  • then again

/ðɛn əˈɡɛn/ or /ðɛn əˈɡeɪn/


  • above all

/əˈbʌv ɔl/


  • in reality

/ɪn riˈæləɾi/


  • after all

/ˈæftər ɔl/

________________________________________

Single-Word or Short Contrast Markers

  • but

/bət/ (strong: /bʌt/)


  • (and) still

/(ænd) stɪl/ - often: /(ən) stɪl/


  • unlike

/ʌnˈlaɪk/

or

/ɔr/ - weak: /ər/


  • (and) yet

/(ænd) jɛt/ - often: /(ən) jɛt/


  • while (meaning "whereas")

/waɪl/


  • albeit

/ɔlˈbit/ or /ælˈbit/ (both heard in AmE)


  • besides

/bɪˈsaɪdz/


  • as much as

/æz mʌtʃ æz/ - often: /əz mʌtʃ əz/


  • although

/ɔlˈðoʊ/


  • instead

/ɪnˈstɛd/


  • whereas

/wɛrˈæz/ or /wɛrˈæʒ/


  • despite

/dɪˈspaɪt/


  • conversely

/kənˈvɝsli/


  • otherwise

/ˈʌðərwaɪz/


  • however

/haʊˈɛvər/


  • rather

/ˈræðər/


  • nevertheless

/ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs/


  • nonetheless

/ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/


  • regardless

/rɪˈɡɑrdləs/


  • notwithstanding

/ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

________________________________________

Reduction Notes (Very Important for Fluency)

Common weak forms in these transitions:

of - /əv/

to - /tə/

and - /ən/

as - /əz/

or - /ər/ (before consonants)


as much as - /əz mʌtʃ əz/

in spite of - /ɪn spaɪt əv/


Contrast transitions usually carry strong sentence stress and are followed by a pause:

However, /haʊˈɛvər/ -> falling tone

On the other hand, /ɑn ði ˈʌðər hænd/ -> rising -> falling

суббота, 6 января 2018 г.

Agreement / Addition / Similarity

Multi-word Transitions & Phrases

  • in the first place

/ɪn ðə fɝst pleɪs/


  • not only … but also

/nɑt ˈoʊnli … bət ˈɔlsoʊ/


  • as a matter of fact

/æz ə ˈmæɾər əv fækt/


  • in like manner

/ɪn laɪk ˈmænər/


  • in addition

/ɪn əˈdɪʃən/


  • coupled with

/ˈkʌpəld wɪθ/


  • in the same fashion

/ɪn ðə seɪm ˈfæʃən/


  • in the same way

/ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ/


  • in the light of

/ɪn ðə laɪt əv/


  • not to mention

/nɑt tə ˈmɛnʃən/


  • to say nothing of

/tə seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ əv/


  • equally important

/ˈikwəli ɪmˈpɔrtənt/


  • by the same token

/baɪ ðə seɪm ˈtoʊkən/


  • as well as

/æz wɛl æz/ - often reduced: /əz wɛl əz/


  • together with

/təˈɡɛðər wɪθ/


  • of course

/əv kɔrs/

________________________________________

Sequencing Words

  • first

/fɝst/


  • second

/ˈsɛkənd/


  • third

/θɝd/


  • again

/əˈɡɛn/ or /əˈɡeɪn/ (both common in AmE)


  • then

/ðɛn/

________________________________________

Single-Word Additive / Comparative Transitions

  • and

/ænd/ - weak form: /ən/


  • also

/ˈɔlsoʊ/


  • equally

/ˈikwəli/


  • identically

/aɪˈdɛntɪkli/


  • uniquely

/juˈnikli/


  • like

/laɪk/


  • as

/æz/ - weak: /əz/


  • too

/tu/


  • moreover

/mɔrˈoʊvər/


  • likewise

/ˈlaɪkwaɪz/


  • comparatively

/kəmˈpærətɪvli/


  • correspondingly

/ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋli/


  • similarly

/ˈsɪmələrli/ or /ˈsɪmɪlərli/


  • furthermore

/ˈfɝðərˌmɔr/


  • additionally

/əˈdɪʃənəli/

________________________________________

Very Common Reduced Forms (Important for Fluency)

  • to

/tu/ - weak form: /tə/


  • of

/ʌv/ - weak form: /əv/


  • and

/ænd/ - /ən/


  • as

/æz/ - /əz/


Эти сокращения необходимы для естественного американского ритма.

В большинстве переходных фраз акцент делается на главном составляющем слова:

in adDItion

furtherMORE

moreOver

FIRST, SECond, THIRD


Звук /ə/ (шва ) есть почти в каждой фразе при естественном темпе и ритме американской речи.

Слова of, to, a, the, -er, -en почти всегда приобретают звук /ə/:

matter of - /əv/

in the same - /ðə/


* в фонетической транскрипции использовался символ /ɾ/ - Flap T

четверг, 28 декабря 2017 г.

The New International Version (NIV) Bible - Русский Синодальный текст (с номерами Стронга)


Genesis Chapter 1 - Бытие. Глава 1

1. In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. В начале сотворил Бог небо и землю.
2. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.Земля же была безвидна и пуста, и тьма над бездною, и Дух Божий носился над водою.
3. And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.И сказал Бог: да будет свет. И стал свет.
4. God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. И увидел Бог свет, что он хорош, и отделил Бог свет от тьмы.
5. God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.И назвал Бог свет днем, а тьму ночью. И был вечер, и было утро: день один.
6. And God said, “Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.” И сказал Бог: да будет твердь посреди воды, и да отделяет она воду от воды.
7. So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. And it was so.И создал Бог твердь, и отделил воду, которая под твердью, от воды, которая над твердью. И стало так.
8. God called the vault “sky.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day.И назвал Бог твердь небом. И был вечер, и было утро: день второй.
9. And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so.И сказал Бог: да соберется вода, которая под небом, в одно место, и да явится суша. И стало так.
10. God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good.И назвал Бог сушу землею, а собрание вод назвал морями. И увидел Бог, что [это] хорошо.
11. Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.И сказал Бог: да произрастит земля зелень, траву, сеющую семя дерево плодовитое, приносящее по роду своему плод, в котором семя его на земле. И стало так.
12. The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.И произвела земля зелень, траву, сеющую семя по роду ее, и дерево, приносящее плод, в котором семя его по роду его. И увидел Бог, что [это] хорошо.
13. And there was evening, and there was morning—the third day.И был вечер, и было утро: день третий.
14. And God said, “Let there be lights in the vault of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark sacred times, and days and years,И сказал Бог: да будут светила на тверди небесной для отделения дня от ночи, и для знамений, и времен, и дней, и годов;
15. and let them be lights in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth.” And it was so. и да будут они светильниками на тверди небесной, чтобы светить на землю. И стало так.
16. God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars.И создал Бог два светила великие: светило большее, для управления днем, и светило меньшее, для управления ночью, и звезды;
17. God set them in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth, и поставил их Бог на тверди небесной, чтобы светить на землю,
18. to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good.и управлять днем и ночью, и отделять свет от тьмы. И увидел Бог, что [это] хорошо.
19. And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.И был вечер, и было утро: день четвертый.
20. And God said, “Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the sky.”И сказал Бог: да произведет вода пресмыкающихся, душу живую; и птицы да полетят над землею, по тверди небесной.
21. So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living thing with which the water teems and that moves about in it, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good.И сотворил Бог рыб больших и всякую душу животных пресмыкающихся, которых произвела вода, по роду их, и всякую птицу пернатую по роду ее. И увидел Бог, что [это] хорошо.
22. God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth.”И благословил их Бог, говоря: плодитесь и размножайтесь, и наполняйте воды в морях, и птицы да размножаются на земле.
23. And there was evening, and there was morning—the fifth day.И был вечер, и было утро: день пятый.
24. And God said, “Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: the livestock, the creatures that move along the ground, and the wild animals, each according to its kind.” And it was so.И сказал Бог: да произведет земля душу живую по роду ее, скотов, и гадов, и зверей земных по роду их. И стало так.
25. God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.И создал Бог зверей земных по роду их, и скот по роду его, и всех гадов земных по роду их. И увидел Бог, что [это] хорошо.
26. Then God said, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals,[a] and over all the creatures that move along the ground.”И сказал Бог: сотворим человека по образу Нашему по подобию Нашему, и да владычествуют они над рыбами морскими, и над птицами небесными, и над скотом, и над всею землею, и над всеми гадами, пресмыкающимися по земле.
27. So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.И сотворил Бог человека по образу Своему, по образу Божию сотворил его; мужчину и женщину сотворил их.
28. God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.”И благословил их Бог, и сказал им Бог: плодитесь и размножайтесь, и наполняйте землю, и обладайте ею, и владычествуйте над рыбами морскими и над птицами небесными, и над всяким животным, пресмыкающимся по земле.
29. Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food.И сказал Бог: вот, Я дал вам всякую траву, сеющую семя, какая есть на всей земле, и всякое дерево, у которого плод древесный, сеющий семя; - вам [сие] будет в пищу;
30. And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds in the sky and all the creatures that move along the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food.” And it was so.а всем зверям земным, и всем птицам небесным, и всякому пресмыкающемуся по земле, в котором душа живая, [дал] Я всю зелень травную в пищу. И стало так.
31. God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day.И увидел Бог все, что Он создал, и вот, хорошо весьма. И был вечер, и было утро: день шестой.

Footnotes


[a] Genesis 1:26 Probable reading of the original Hebrew text (see Syriac); Masoretic Text the earth


суббота, 12 августа 2017 г.

Edd China on leaving Wheeler Dealers

Edd China quits Wheeler Dealers..




Wheeler Dealers is a great car show, reportedly the biggest on the planet at the moment. It is broadcast in about 220 territories around the globe and apparently has several hundred million viewers worldwide. This success would not be possible without the huge collaborative effort put in by the production team over the years but also we must thank the loyalty and appreciation of our fans.

Making Wheeler Dealers is no easy task and every episode requires a massive effort from a dedicated team of people. We started, all those years ago, on a tiny niche channel in the UK with just a small production: Michael Wood and Dan Allum, the founders of Attaboy TV and the originators of the show, a production manager, a camera man, a sound man, Mike and myself. One hundred and thirty five cars later we have grown to a production team of over forty five staff, and we are now entertaining much of the TV watching planet. It’s been quite a ride.

It was exactly the worldwide popularity of Wheeler Dealers and sheer size of the audience, coupled with the lack of product placement and brand endorsements within the show which meant that Discovery US and Velocity Channel saw an opportunity for further exploitation of the brand and so after season twelve the show commission was taken over by Velocity Channel in the US, who decided to replace Attaboy TV with Discovery Studios in California.

Unfortunately, on Velocity’s first attempt at producing the show they found Wheeler Dealers ‘too difficult to make’, ‘at least in its current format’. In particular, the detailed and in depth coverage of my fixes in the workshop; what I consider to be the backbone and USP of the programme, are something Velocity feel should be reduced. The workshop jobs are certainly the hardest part of the show to make and reducing their substance and role in the show will save the production considerable time, effort and therefore money. However, this new direction is not something I am comfortable with and I feel my only option is to let Velocity get on with it, without me.

Wheeler Dealers has been an enormous part of my life since 2002, a real roller coaster of demanding challenges and triumphant moments. It has been a real privilege to meet and work with so many great people and to have so much fun going on wonderful joy rides in great cars in amazing locations. Leaving the show at the height of its success has been a really tough decision to make but I believe the time is right for me to spread my wings.

I would like to thank Attaboy TV, Mike, our incredible crew, and everyone who has contributed to making such a great programme for all of these years. A special big thank you must go to every one of our fans for watching the show over the past thirteen series, it has been great having you along for the ride, your appreciation means so much.

Mike and Velocity will continue to make Wheeler Dealers, apparently with Ant Anstead taking my place in the workshop, so new episodes will be on your screens in due course. Taking on the role of new mechanic will not be an easy one so please give Ant your support, I wish him the very best of luck. It will certainly be nice to see Mike turn up at the workshop with yet another wreck knowing I don’t have to do any of the work!

As for me, I am already working on some great new shows which will expand my world in new directions and, as I will have a bit of time on my hands, I’ll even start to put some things up on my youTube channel, so keep an eye out for that.

Discovery keep encouraging us all to: ‘make your world bigger’ – and that is exactly what I am doing. I can’t wait to get cracking on the exciting opportunities that lie ahead. More on that in due course…

Edd China.

Источник: www.greasejunkie.com