wander, wonder

wander - /ˈwɑn.dɚ/ 

wonder - /ˈwʌn.dɚ/

• Sometimes I wander through the woods and wonder how nature works.
• Tourists often wander off the path and wonder why they get lost.
• I wonder if the dog will wander out of the yard again.
• As I wandered through the museum, I couldn’t help but wonder about ancient civilizations.
• Don't wander during the lecture - you'll wonder what you missed!
• She began to wander mentally and wonder about her future.
• I wonder why you wander around the city without a map.
• He likes to wander the city streets at night and wonder about the lives inside the homes.
• They wander aimlessly every weekend, and always wonder where time went.
• While you wander through your thoughts, I’ll sit here and wonder what you're thinking.

• Wander - /ˈwɑn.dɚ/ - бродить, блуждать, скитаться, странствие. 

Wander произносится со звуком /ɑ/ , как и слово "father".

Wander условно рифмуется с: yonder, squander.

• Wonder - /ˈwʌn.dɚ/ - чудо, удивление, изумление, удивляться, изумительный. 

Wonder произносится со звуком /ʌ/ , как и слово "sun".

Wonder рифмуется со словами: thunder, under, blunder.

yonder - /ˈjɑːndər/ - вон там, вон тот.

squander - /ˈskwɑːndər/ - разбазаривать, растрачивать, расточать, растрата, расточительство, мотовство. 

thunder - /ˈθʌndər/ - гром, грохот, шум, угрозы, резкое осуждение, громить, грозить, греметь, прогреметь.

blunder - /ˈblʌndər/ - грубая ошибка, промах, просчет, напутать, грубо ошибаться.

Английские звуки /ɑ/ и /ʌ/ - отличия от русского /A/ [видео Youtube]

Занятие 35. Звук / ʌ /

Занятие 69. Звук / w / в начале слова

separate (adj.), separate (verb)

separate (adj.) - /ˈsɛp(ə)rət/

separate (verb) - /ˈsɛpəˌreɪt/

• We stayed in separate rooms but had to separate when the alarm went off.
• The separate containers help us separate recyclables from trash.
• These are separate issues; let's separate our emotions from facts.
• The twins have separate identities but find it hard to separate from each other.
• The museum has separate exhibits to separate ancient from modern art.
• I bought separate gifts and will separate them into two boxes.
• They keep separate accounts to help separate business and personal spending.
• The files are stored in separate folders, which we separate by client.
• We should use separate keys to separate our login sessions.
• The ingredients come in separate packets, and you have to separate them before cooking.

• Adjective separate - /ˈsɛp(ə)rət/ - отдельный.

Прилагательное "separate" условно рифмуется с:  accurate, corporate, deliberate (adj.), intricate.

• Verb separate - /ˈsɛpəˌreɪt/ - отделять.

  Глагол "separate" рифмуется с: concentrate, decorate, celebrate, relate.

Занятие 50. Звук / ə /

Занятие 73. Звук / eı /

v and w

 Занятие 71. Звуки / w / и / v /

• vile, while
• wallet, valet

vile, while

vile - /vaɪl/ 

while - /waɪl/

• He said something so vile that she walked away in silence for a while.
• The villain’s vile actions continued while no one was watching.
• I couldn’t believe the vile rumor that spread while I was gone.
• The soup had a vile taste, even while it was still hot.
• Her vile behavior lasted only a while, but it left a deep scar.
• The room smelled vile while they were cleaning out the fridge.
• He grinned in a vile way while plotting his revenge.
• That was a vile prank to pull while someone’s asleep!
• It was a vile day, raining hard while we hiked uphill.
• The dictator ruled with vile cruelty while pretending to be kind.

vile - /vaɪl/ - гнусный, подлый, отвратительный, низкий, ужасный.

while - /waɪl/ - в то время как, до тех пор пока, проводить время. 

Оба слова Vile и While рифмуются с: mile, file, style, tile, pile, guile, isle.

tile - /taɪl/ - плитка, черепица, кафель, изразец, крыть черепицей или кафелем.

pile - /paɪl/ - куча, свая, груда, стопка, ворс, штабель, ворох, нагружать, заваливать, навалить.

guile - /ɡaɪl/ - хитрость, коварство, обман, вероломство. 

v and w

Занятие 30. Звук / v /

Занятие 69. Звук / w / в начале слова

Занятие 71. Звуки / w / и / v /

/ i:/ и / ɪ /

• /ɪ/ - краткий звук, губы расслаблены, рот слегка приоткрыт
• /iː/ - губы напряженные, как будто растянутая улыбка

Занятие по британской фонетике 3. Звуки / i:/ и / ɪ /

i:	ɪ
sheep	ship
heed	hid
leak	lick
bead	bid
cheeks	chicks
seat	sit
peel	pill
lead	lid
bean	bin
feat	fit
leave	live
heat	hit

• ship, sheep
• sit, seat
• steel, steal, still
• slip, sleep
• peek, peak, pick
• bit, beat
• bin, been, bean
• it, eat
• hit, heat
• hid, heed
• live, leave

battle, bottle

battle - /ˈbæt̬.əl/

bottle - /ˈbɑː.t̬əl/

• After the battle, he reached for a bottle of water.
• They found a message in a bottle describing a historic battle.
• The battle for survival was real, and a bottle of clean water was gold.
• She wrote about the battle in her journal and sealed it in a bottle.
• Each battle left them more desperate for a bottle of medicine.
• A broken bottle on the battlefield marked the end of the battle.
• He tossed a bottle to his comrade after winning the battle.
• They celebrated the end of the battle with a bottle of wine.
• The general held a bottle as he recounted each battle.
• She clutched a bottle of perfume like a trophy from the battle.

battle - /ˈbæt̬.əl/ - битва, бой, сражение, борьба, сражаться, бороться, боевой, батальный.

Battle произносится с коротким звуком /æ/ как и слово cat.

Battle рифмуется со словами:  cattle, rattle, tattle, paddle, saddle.

bottle - /ˈbɑː.t̬əl/ - бутылка, флакон, бутыль, бутылочный, разливать по бутылкам.

Bottle рифмуется со словом throttle.

throttle - /ˈθrɑːtl/ - дроссель, дросселировать, душить, задыхаться, мять.

rattle - /ˈrætl/ - погремушка, трещотка, стук, грохот, греметь, грохотать, дребезжать, болтать.

tattle - /ˈtætl/ - судачить, сплетничать, болтать, сплетни, сплетня, болтовня.

paddle - /ˈpædl/ - весло, лопатка, лопасть, затвор, гребля, плескаться, отшлепать, играть руками. 

saddle - /ˈsædl/ - седло, суппорт, седловина, оседлать, седлать, седельный. 

Занятие 8. Звук / æ /

Занятие 21. Звук / a : /

Английские гласные звуки: /ɑː/ - звук удовольствия [видео Youtube]

/ɑː/ and /æ/ Vowel Sounds in British English [видео Youtube]

stamp, stump

stamp - /stæmp/

stump - /stʌmp/

• He used a heavy stamp to mark the envelope near the old tree stump.
• After I tripped over the stump, I bent down to grab the fallen stamp.
• The mail carrier dropped a stamp while walking past a large stump.
• That strange question really made me stump my toe on the porch while reaching for a stamp.
• We sat on the stump and looked through her collection of vintage stamps.
• The artist carved a design into a tree stump and used it as a giant stamp.
• I couldn't find the stamp, but I did find a squirrel hiding behind the stump.
• The kid used a rubber stamp to decorate the paper sitting on a tree stump.
• She paused to rest on a stump, taking time to affix the last stamp on her postcards.
• I tried to stamp my foot in frustration but tripped over a hidden stump. 

• stamp - /stæmp/ - марка, штамп, печать, клеймо, штемпель, штамповать, топать, клеймить.

Stamp рифмуется со словами: lamp, camp, damp, ramp, clamp.

• stump - /stʌmp/ - пень, культя, обрубок, пенек, огрызок, агитировать, корчевать, ставить в тупик.

Stump рифмуется со словами: bump, lump, dump, hump, pump.

clamp - /klæmp/ - зажим, хомут, скоба, струбцина, тиски, зажимать, закреплять, скреплять, смыкать. 

ramp - /ræmp/ - скат, аппарель, трап, уклон, бросаться, неистовствовать, бушевать.

damp - /dæmp/ - влажный, сырой, отсыревший, влажность, сырость, уныние, демпфировать.

dump - /dʌmp/ - выбрасывать, свалка, сваливать, демпинговать, выводить, устраивать демпинг.

hump - /hʌmp/ - горб, бугор, горбить, горбиться, решающий.

bump - /bʌmp/ - удар, шишка, столкновение, ударяться, ударять, толкать, вдруг, внезапно.

pump - /pʌmp/ - насос, помпа , качать, перекачивать.

affix - /əˈfɪks/ - аффикс, придаток, прибавление, ставить, прикреплять, приложить.

seem, seam

seem - /siːm/

seam - /siːm/

• The jacket may seem new, but there's a tear along the seam.
• They seem happy even though the seam of the tent ripped open in the wind.
• At first glance, it may seem flawless, but the seam is poorly stitched.
• She made it seem like everything was fine, but her dress had a split seam.
• His pants seem tight because the inner seam is too narrow.
• I don't seem to understand how this seam is supposed to be aligned.
• While the clothes seem durable, the seam on the sleeve is already fraying.
• You seem distracted — did you notice the crooked seam on your shirt?
• That design might seem simple, but getting the seam straight is tricky.
• It didn’t seem like a problem until the seam completely unraveled.

• Seem - /siːm/ - казаться, представляться, мерещиться, померещиться, чудиться, почудиться, думаться.
• Seam - /siːm/ - шов, пласт, соединение, рубец, пропласток, сшивать, соединять швами, бороздить.

Оба слова seem и seam рифмуются с: dream, team, beam, stream, scream, theme, esteem.

fray - /freɪ/ - протершееся место, драка, борьба, изнашивать, изнашиваться, протирать.

unravel - /ʌnˈrævl/ - распутывать, распутываться, разгадывать, объяснять, разлезаться.

a topic of its own

 Речевой оборот русского языка "отдельная тема" можно перевести на английский как: "a topic of its own".

• A topic of its own is Israel, the U.S. key ally in the Middle East that Iran strives to destroy.

musty, moisty

musty - /ˈmʌsti/ 

moisty - /ˈmɔɪsti/ 

• The musty cellar had a strangely moisty corner near the old pipes.
• Her grandmother’s attic smelled musty, and the blankets still felt moisty from the rain.
• After the flood, the musty books and moisty clothes were tossed out.
• Even the air felt musty, thick with the moisty scent of decay.
• The camper described the cave as musty, with walls that were slimy and moisty.
• A musty odor filled the room, made worse by the moisty carpet.
• The forest was moisty and lush, but the old cabin was cold and musty.
• That forgotten gym bag was both musty and moisty -  a terrible combo.
• She used a dehumidifier to remove the moisty air and that musty smell.
• They aired out the moisty, musty tent after their rainy camping trip.

• musty - /ˈmʌsti/ - заплесневелый, затхлый, прокисший, устарелый, заплесневевший, косный.

Рифмуется с dusty, rusty, crusty.

• moisty - /ˈmɔɪsti/ - мглистый, туманный; сырой.

slimy - /ˈslaɪmɪ/ - покрытый слизью , скользкий (о человеке).

lush - /lʌʃ/ - пышный, сочный, буйный.

lump, lamp

lump - /lʌmp/

lamp - /læmp/ 

• She found a strange lump under the table near the lamp.
• He tripped over the lamp and fell with a lump on his knee.
• The soft lamp light made the lump in the blanket look like a cat.
• I dropped the lamp, and a lump of ceramic broke off.
• There was a lump of wax under the old lamp.
• He placed the lamp beside the lump of clothes on the bed.
• A lump formed in his throat as he turned off the lamp.
• The antique lamp had a lump of dried paint on the shade.
• She noticed a lump in her pillow while reaching for the lamp cord.
• They packed the lamp carefully to avoid turning it into a lump of broken glass.

• lump - /lʌmp/ - кусок, глыба, ком, опухоль, кусковой, взятый в целом, сваливать.

Рифмуется со словами jump, bump, dump, pump.

• lamp - /læmp/ - лампа.

Рифмуется со словами camp, damp, stamp, champ.

amply, imply

amply - /ˈæm.pli/

imply - /ɪmˈplaɪ/

• The speaker amply explained her point, so there was no need to imply anything further.
• His actions amply demonstrated courage, even if he didn’t imply it verbally.
• You don’t need to imply blame when the evidence amply shows who was at fault.
• The report amply covers the facts, though it does imply a hidden bias.
• I could amply feed ten people, but I didn’t imply that I would.
• Her expression amply conveyed joy, without needing to imply a single word.
• He amply praised the team to imply their work was outstanding.
• The tone of voice may imply disapproval, but her words were amply kind.
• The professor’s data amply supports the thesis, even if it doesn’t imply causation.
• She amply detailed the risks to imply that caution was necessary.

amply - /ˈæm.pli/ - подробно, обильно, пространно, вполне достаточно.

Ударение на первый слог.

• imply - /ɪmˈplaɪ/ - означать, подразумевать, предполагать, значить, заключать в себе.

Ударение на второй слог.

Рифмуется со словами reply, apply, comply, defy, deny, sky, guy.

causation - /kɔːˈzeɪʃn/ - причинность, причинная связь, причинение

hid, heed

hid - /hɪd/

heed - /hiːd/

• He hid the warning note because he didn’t heed it.
• She hid her emotions but should have heeded her therapist’s advice.
• They hid from danger instead of heeding the evacuation order.
• The boy hid under the table, refusing to heed his parents’ calls.
• Though he hid his fear well, he secretly heeded every sound.
• I hid the signs you ignored when you should have heeded them.
• She hid the book rather than heed its controversial message.
• We hid from the storm after heeding the severe weather alert.
• He hid the truth because he failed to heed the consequences.
• They hid their laughter, trying to heed the teacher’s glare.

• hid - /hɪd/ - спрятал, прошедшее от "hide"

Рифмуется с did, bid, kid.

hid имеет короткий гласный звук /ɪ/, как в "bit".

• heed - /hiːd/ - прислушиваться, принимать во внимание, учитывать

Рифмуется с need, seed, deed.

heed имеет долгий звукl /iː/, как в "need".

• / i:/ и / ɪ /

invincible, invisible

invincible -  /ɪnˈvɪnsəbəl/

invisible - /ɪnˈvɪzəbəl/

• The superhero felt invincible, even though his enemy had become invisible.
• No armor makes you invincible, especially against an invisible threat.
• Her confidence was invincible, but her presence seemed invisible at the meeting.
• The force field made him invisible, but not invincible.
• Some viruses are nearly invisible to the eye and feel invincible to medicine.
• His ego was invincible, while his kindness was almost invisible.
• The illusion made the statue invisible, as if it were protected by an invincible spell.
• The ninja’s invisible movements made him seem invincible in combat.
• To the untrained eye, the invisible ink on the invincible parchment went unnoticed.
• In myths, the cloak made the hero invisible, but it was the sword that made him invincible.

invincible - /ɪnˈvɪnsəbəl/ - непобеди́мый

invincible имеет звук /s/ как в слове "see".

Рифмуется с sensible.

invisible - /ɪnˈvɪzəbəl/ - невидимый

invisible имеет звук /z/ как в слове "zebra".

Рифмуется со словами divisible, admissible.

spell - /spel/ - заклинание, чары

parchment - /ˈpɑːrtʃmənt/ - пергамент

cloak - /kləʊk/ - плащ, мантия, маска, личина, покров, предлог, скрывать, прикрывать, маскировать

soap, soup

soap - /soʊp/

soup -  /suːp/

• After cooking the soup, I washed the dishes with soap.
• She spilled soup on her hands and had to reach for the soap.
• The smell of the soap clashed with the aroma of the hot soup.
• He makes both homemade soap and vegetable soup from scratch.
• We packed a bar of soap and a can of soup for the camping trip.
• That fancy soap smells like herbs, almost like her lentil soup.
• You can't use soup to clean your hands, and you shouldn't eat soap!
• They offered soup for lunch and soap as a party favor - strange combo!
• The hotel provided tiny bottles of soap and served chicken soup in the café.
• She joked that her new soap smelled so good, she almost mistook it for soup.

• soap - /soʊp/ - мыло

Рифмуется с rope, hope, cope, nope.

cope - /kəʊp/ - справляться, совладать, бороться, сладить; будка, кабина, кожух, колпак.

• soup - /suːp/ - суп

Рифмуется с loop, group, scoop, droop.

scoop - /skuːp/ - совок, черпак, ковш.

droop -  /druːp/ - наклон, понижение, сутулость, изнеможение, свисать, поникать, опускаться, потупить.

lentil - /ˈlen.t̬əl/ - чечевица

plied, played

plied - /plaɪd/

played - /pleɪd/ 

• The musician plied his trade on street corners while his bandmates played in the bar.
• She plied him with questions as he played dumb.
• The ferry plied the river route daily while children played along the shore.
• He plied his craft as a woodworker, while soft music played in the background.
• The merchant plied his wares as a band played festive tunes.
• The old sailor plied the seas for years, and during storms he played his harmonica.
• The actor plied his skills on stage, where he once played Hamlet.
• While she plied the needle through fabric, her daughter played with dolls nearby.
• The ship plied back and forth across the channel as the sailors played cards below deck.
• The writer plied his pen late into the night, while a record played softly beside him.

• plied - /plaɪd/ - сложенный

Прошедшее время от "ply" - слой, сгиб, складка, уклон, склонность, курсировать, заниматься, лавировать.

Plied произносится с дифтонгом /aɪ/ как в слове “tie”.

Рифмуется с cried, tried, supplied.

• played - /pleɪd/ - играл

Прошедшее время от "play" - играть.

Played произносится с дифтонгом /eɪ/ как в слове “day”.

Рифмуется с stayed, weighed, delayed.

* plied his trade - подрабатывал

** plied his wares - продавал свои товары

*** plied the seas - бороздил моря

**** plied his skills on stage - демонстрировал свои навыки на сцене

***** plied his pen - взялся за ручку

pack, peck

pack - /pæk/

peck - /pɛk/

• The bird gave a quick peck at the sandwich in my pack.
• I had to pack a lunch before collecting a peck of apples.
• The hen gave a sharp peck at the wolf sniffing around the pack.
• He grabbed his hiking pack after planting a gentle peck on her cheek.
• A pack of wolves watched the chicken give each grain a careful peck.
• I brought a peck of peppers in my backpack pack.
• She leaned in for a peck, but he was too busy trying to pack his suitcase.
• The camper found a peck of corn kernels spilled near his pack.
• He measured out a peck of grain before tossing it into his feed pack.
• A loving peck on the cheek and a shoulder pack were all she needed to head out.

• pack - /pæk/ - пакет, упаковка, пак, пачка, упаковывать, упаковочный

Pack произносится со звуком /æ/ , как и "cat".

Рифмуется со словами back, sack, lack, track.

• peck - /pɛk/ - клевать, клеваться, долбить, чмокнуть, клевок, куча, масса, легкий поцелуй

Peck произносится со звуком /ɛ/ , как и"bed".

Рифмуется со словами deck, neck, check, tech.

dragon, drag on

dragon - /ˈdræɡ.ən/

drag on - /dræɡ ɑn/

• As the story about the dragon began to drag on, the kids started to fall asleep.
• The movie featured a fierce dragon, but the plot seemed to drag on forever.
• Don’t let the meeting drag on - unlike a dragon, it doesn’t need to breathe fire!
• Her fantasy novel includes a magical dragon, though the first chapter does drag on a bit.
• The dragon in the video game made the battle drag on for hours.
• While the lecture did drag on, the drawing of the dragon on the board kept me entertained.
• He felt the speech would drag on unless he added an exciting tale about a dragon.
• The heat made the afternoon drag on, like a sleepy dragon basking in the sun.
• Just like a dragon guarding treasure, this negotiation will drag on until someone gives in.
• If the drama continues to drag on, I might as well watch a dragon movie instead.

• Dragon - /ˈdræɡ.ən/ - существительное дракон

dragon ударение на первый слог: DRAG-un.

Рифмуется с wagon, flag on (в быстрой речи), lag on.

• Drag on - /dræɡ ɑn/ или /dræɡ ɔn/ - фразовый глагол, означающий тащить, тащиться.

Рифмуется с tag on, hang on, brag on.

Drag on в быстрой речи может звучать как dragon.

efficacy, efficiency

efficacy - /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/

efficiency - /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/

• The efficacy of the new drug was impressive, but its efficiency in mass production needs improvement.
• While efficiency focuses on saving time and resources, efficacy focuses on actual success or results.
• They questioned the efficacy of the vaccine, despite the high efficiency of its delivery system.
• The manager values efficiency, but the scientist is more concerned with the efficacy of the experiment.
• There's a difference between doing something quickly (efficiency) and doing it right (efficacy).
• The efficacy of the training was high, but the efficiency of the process could be better.
• His team is known for efficiency, yet the efficacy of their solutions is sometimes lacking.
• Automation can improve efficiency, but it doesn't guarantee efficacy in customer service.
• We measured the efficacy of each method and compared it to the efficiency of implementation.
• A good product must combine both efficacy in solving a problem and efficiency in operation.

• Efficacy - /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/ - эффективность, действенность, сила.

efficacy имеет ударение на первый слогe: EFF-i-ca-cy

Рифмуется со словами accuracy, fallacy, fantasy.

• Efficiency - /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ - эффективность, производительность, оперативность, продуктивность.

efficiency имеет ударение на втором слогe: e-FISH-en-cy

Рифмуется со словами proficiency, deficiency, sufficiency.

hat, hut

hat - /hæt/

hut - /hʌt/

• He left his hat in the hut by the lake.
• They found an old straw hat hanging on a nail in the abandoned hut.
• I took off my hat before entering the hunter’s hut.
• The explorer’s hat blew away in the wind as he stepped out of the hut.
• We built a small hut and used a leaf as a makeshift hat.
• A soldier’s hat was lying near the hut, forgotten in haste.
• The hut was barely big enough to store his coat and hat.
• She crafted a paper hat while sitting inside a bamboo hut.
• The wind carried the hat all the way to the roof of the hut.
• The only thing he had for shelter was a hat and a handmade hut.

• Hat - /hæt/ -  шляпа, шапка.

hat произносится со звуком /æ/ как и слово cat.

Рифмуется со словами cat, mat, bat, sat.

• Hut - /hʌt/ -  хижина, хата, барак, лачуга, барачный, размещать по баракам.

hut произносится с коротким звуком /ʌ/ как и cup. 

Рифмуется со словами cut, nut, shut, butt.

menus, minus

menus - /ˈmɛn.juːz/

minus - /ˈmaɪ.nəs/ 

• The restaurant handed out the new menus, but minus the dessert section by mistake.
• We reviewed all the menus available for catering, minus the vegan options.
• The app shows different menus, but they seem incomplete - minus prices and pictures.
• His job was to translate the menus, but he did it minus any cultural context.
• The dinner party included printed menus, each one minus spelling errors for once!
• She collected menus from around the world, minus duplicates.
• They handed us menus, but the vegetarian one was minus any protein-rich dishes.
• The software update changed the layout of the menus, minus improving usability.
• I love reading menus, but this one is confusing - minus symbols, no descriptions!
• We looked through all the digital menus, but they were minus the nutrition info we needed.

• Menus  - /ˈmɛn.juːz/ - множественное от menu - меню

В menus первый слог произносится "men", как слово "men".

Menus рифмуется с “ten shoes”.

•  Minus - /ˈmaɪ.nəs/ -  минус, без, отрицательный, вычетом, за исключением, за минусом,  вычесть, с минусом

Minus рифмуется с  “high fuss”.

menace, minus

menace - /ˈmɛn.ɪs/

minus - /ˈmaɪ.nəs/ 

•  The villain was a true menace to society, always thinking in terms of destruction, not just a minus in morals.
• A minus sign in the equation was hardly the same as the menace of getting the entire problem wrong.
• While the loss of points was a minus, the real menace was failing the final exam.
• That raccoon in the attic is more than a nuisance—it’s a menace, and a definite minus to our home's value!
• A minus attitude can be a menace to teamwork and collaboration.
• She viewed procrastination as a menace to her goals and a minus in her productivity.
• The storm was a menace on the highway, and the minus visibility made driving dangerous.
• He’s a minus in terms of manners and a menace when he’s angry.
• The faulty wiring was not only a minus in safety but a potential fire menace.
• That kid is a math genius but a menace in class—he’ll argue over every minus sign!

•  Menace - /ˈmɛn.ɪs/ - угроза, опасность; угрожать. грозить

В menace первый слог произносится "men", как слово "men".

•  Minus - /ˈmaɪ.nəs/ -  минус, без, отрицательный, вычетом, за исключением, за минусом,  вычесть, с минусом

В minus первый слог произносится "my", как слово  "mine".

master, muster

master - /ˈmæs.tɚ/

muster - /ˈmʌs.tɚ/

    

• The general had to muster his troops before the master strategist arrived.
• To become a master of public speaking, you must first muster the courage to speak in front of a crowd.
• He tried to muster the energy to finish his work but knew he wasn’t a master of time management.
• Before the race, the coach told her to muster all her strength and run like a master athlete.
• A chess master must muster patience and strategy before making a move.
• The students had to muster all their knowledge to impress the master professor.
• In times of crisis, a true leader will muster their people and act like a master of diplomacy.
• He lacked confidence but managed to muster the willpower to train under a martial arts master.
• The crew had to muster on deck and listen to their master’s instructions.
• She hoped to muster enough creativity to become a master painter.

• Master - /ˈmæs.tɚ/ - мастер, эксперт, магистр, хозяин, учитель, лидер

Рифмуется со словом "faster", короткий сильный звук как в слове "cat".

•  Muster - /ˈmʌs.tɚ/ - сбор, осмотр, перекличка, смотр, собирать, собираться, набираться

Рифмуется со словом "buster", короткий звук как в словах "cup" и "hut".

bare, bear

bare - /bɛr/ 

bear - /bɛr/

• The bear walked across the bare forest floor.
• She couldn't bear the cold, so she walked in bare feet.
• A bare minimum of food wouldn't satisfy a hungry bear.
• He saw a bear standing under a bare tree.
• The campers were told not to leave bare food out because it attracts bears.
• The mountain path was bare of snow, but a bear still wandered through.
• It was hard to bear the pain of walking on bare rocks.
• They saw a bear near the bare cabin in the woods.
• She painted the bare wall with a picture of a grizzly bear.
• Even with bare hands, he managed to scare the bear away.

• bare - /bɛr/ - голый, босой , голый, неприкрытый , пустой , минимальный, скудный , обнажать, скалить.
• bear - /bɛr/ - терпеть , нести , выдерживать , таить , рожать , носить , медведь.

Bare и bear звучат как "air" с "b" впереди.

Bare и bear рифмуются со словами: care, dare, fair, hair, pair, share, stare, wear, glare.

stare - /ster/ - пялиться, глазеть, поглазеть, пристальный взгляд, изумленный взгляд.

glare - /ɡler/ - яркий свет, ослепительно сверкать, бликовать; сердитый пристальный взгляд.

Английские гласные: /ɛ/ или /e/ и что такое Pin-Pen Merger [видео Youtube]

Занятие по британской фонетике 5. Звук / e /

hurry, Harry

hurry - /ˈhʌr.i/

Harry - /ˈhɛr.i/

• Harry told me to hurry up because we were late for the movie.
• If Harry doesn’t hurry, we’ll miss the last train home.
• You don’t have to hurry, Harry - we still have plenty of time.
• Harry was in such a hurry that he forgot his phone at home.
• I saw Harry hurry past the store on his way to work.
• Hurry up, Harry! The bus is about to leave!
• Harry didn’t hurry, even though the meeting had already started.
• She called out, “Hurry, Harry!” as he slowly walked toward the car.
• Harry’s decision to hurry led him to trip on the sidewalk.
• If you hurry, Harry, you might still catch the last slice of cake!

• Hurry - /ˈhʌr.i/ - спешить

  "u" произносится как в словах "cup" и "but".

  "r" произносится отчетливо, но не сильно.

Рифмуется со словом "worry" (акцентируется звук "ur" как в слове "her").

• Harry - /ˈhɛr.i/ или реже /ˈhæri/ - имя Гарри

  В Американском английском звучит как "Hair-ee"  - /ˈhɛr.i/ ,  похоже со словом "carry".

  В некоторых регионах может произноситься как "Hah-ree"  - /ˈhæri/, но это редко в США.

Рифмуется со словом "marry" (короткий звук "a", как в "cat").

timber vs lumber

timber - /ˈtɪmbə/ - древесина, бревна, необработанные лесоматериалы

lumber - /ˈlʌmbə/ - пиломатериалы, обработанные лесоматериалы, древесина

В США и Канаде термин timber обычно используется для обозначения деревьев (или древесины таких деревьев), которые еще не обработаны или еще даже не были срублены, в то время как термин lumber  обычно относится к древесине, которая была обработана как строительный материал (доски и планки).

worse, worth

worse - /wɜːrs/

worth - /wɜːrθ/

• The situation is worse than we thought, but the experience is still worth having.
• Is fixing the car really worth it if it keeps getting worse?
• The weather was bad yesterday, but it’s worse today - not worth going out!
• His attitude is getting worse, and it’s not worth arguing with him anymore.
• Don’t make it worse by saying something that isn’t even worth mentioning.
• That movie was worse than expected, and definitely not worth the ticket price.
• If the job makes you feel worse every day, you should ask if it’s worth the stress.
• Her injuries were much worse than they looked, but she said the hike was worth it.
• The pain got worse, but the results were worth the struggle.
• It’s not worth your energy to stress over things that make you feel worse.

• worse - /wɜːrs/ - хуже

worse рифмуется с curse, purse, verse.

• worth - /wɜːrθ/ - стоимость, ценность, достоинства, цена, заслуживающий, обладающий, стоящий

worth рифмуется с birth, earth, dearth, mirth.

dearth - /dɜ:rθ/- нехватка, недостаток, голод

mirth - /mɜːrθ/ - веселье

force, forth

force - /fɔrs/

forth - /fɔrθ/

• The strong wind will force the waves forth onto the shore.
• He had to use great force to push the heavy door forth.
• The judge ordered him to come forth, but no one could force him to speak.
• The explosion sent debris forth with an incredible force.
• She had to force the truth forth, despite her hesitation.
• A mighty force drove the river forth from the mountains.
• With determination, she forced her ideas forth during the debate.
• The magician seemed to force the rabbit forth from the hat.
• The soldiers moved forth with great force, determined to win the battle.
• The earthquake forced water forth from deep underground.

• Force - /fɔrs/ - сила, усилие

На конце четкий звук /s/.

Рифмуется со словом "horse".

• Forth -  /fɔrθ/ - вперёд, впереди, далее, дальше

Произносится с мягким звуком "th" как и слово "fourth".

Рифмуется со словом "north".

fourth, forth

fourth - /fɔrθ/

forth - /fɔrθ/

    

• On the fourth day of our journey, we set forth at dawn.
• She finished in fourth place and proudly stepped forth to receive her medal.
• The knight was the fourth to come forth and accept the challenge.
• It was the fourth attempt to bring forth a solution to the problem.
• On July fourth, fireworks burst forth into the sky.
• The fourth chapter of the book sets forth the main argument.
• After reaching the fourth level of training, he was ready to go forth into battle.
• The fourth student to raise his hand came forth with an interesting question.
• After waiting until the fourth round, the boxer stepped forth with confidence.
• The fourth speaker was asked to come forth and present his ideas.

• Fourth - /fɔrθ/ - четвёртый

Рифмуется со словом "north".

• Forth - /fɔrθ/ - вперёд, впереди, далее, дальше

obstruct, abstract

obstruct - /əbˈstrʌkt/

abstract - /ˈæb.strækt/ (adj/noun), /æbˈstrækt/ (verb)

• The thick fog began to obstruct our view of the abstract sculpture in the park.
• His refusal to cooperate did nothing but obstruct progress on the abstract design project.
• The abstract nature of the artwork didn’t obstruct its emotional impact.
• She feared that too many details would obstruct the clarity of her abstract.
• The protesters tried to obstruct the entrance, holding signs with abstract slogans.
• Don't let minor issues obstruct your ability to grasp the abstract theory.
• They accused the speaker of trying to obstruct the debate with overly abstract arguments.
• The concrete wall served to obstruct the view, while the painting offered an abstract vision.
• A literal interpretation might obstruct your understanding of the abstract metaphor.
• His legal team tried to obstruct justice by confusing the jury with abstract concepts.

• obstruct - /əbˈstrʌkt/ - преграждать, заслонять , препятствовать, затруднять
• abstract - /ˈæb.strækt/ (adj/noun), /æbˈstrækt/ (verb) - абстрактный, отвлеченный; абстрагировать; обзор, конспект, краткое описание, выдержка, краткое изложение

purse, pussy (cat)

purse -  /pɝːs/

pussy - /ˈpʊsi/

•  She clutched her purse tightly as the pussy cat rubbed against her leg.
• I lost my purse at the pet store while looking for a toy for my pussy cat.
• Her grandmother gave her a new leather purse, but she spent the day playing with a stray pussy cat instead.
• She placed her purse on the couch, and her pussy cat jumped inside.
• The little girl carried a pink purse with a picture of a cute pussy cat on it.
• She reached into her purse to grab treats for her fluffy pussy cat.
• He mistakenly thought she had put her purse on the floor, but it was actually a small, curled-up pussy cat.
• The lady opened her purse and pulled out a picture of her beloved pussy cat.
• While shopping for a purse, she couldn't resist adopting a tiny, meowing pussy cat from the shelter.
• As she zipped up her purse, her curious pussy cat pawed at it playfully.

• Purse - /pɝːs/ - кошелек, маленькая сумочка

   Рифмуется со словами  "worse" и "curse".

В единственном слоге звук "ɝː" как в словах "nurse" и "first".

• Pussy - /ˈpʊsi/ или /ˈpʌsi/ - кошечка, киска

Рифмуется со словами "pushy" и "bushy" в большинстве акцентов.

В первом слоге "u"  в этом слове чаще произносится как /ʊ/ как в слове "push" , но в некоторых акцентах иногда как короткий звук "uh" - /ʌ/ , как в слове "cup".

Состоит из двух слогов:   puss-y.

Оканчивается на звук "ee" - /i/,  как и слова "happy" и "silly" .

Это слово часто употребляется в неприличном смысле, поэтому избегайте говорить его отдельно - лучше: pussy cat.

fluffy - /ˈflʌfi/ - пушистый

hit, heat

hit - /hɪt/

heat -  /hiːt/ 

• The baseball player hit the ball so hard that he didn’t even feel the heat of the sun.
• If you hit the metal while it’s hot, the heat will help shape it.
• The sudden heat wave hit the city, making everyone rush to buy fans.
• She accidentally hit the oven knob, increasing the heat too much.
• The boxer took a strong hit, but the real challenge was fighting in the intense heat of the arena.
• When the fire alarm went off, they realized the kitchen was filled with smoke from the heat, not from anything being hit.
• The storm hit suddenly, making the summer heat disappear in minutes.
• The scientist explained that when molecules are hit with energy, they produce heat.
• The coach told the players to stay hydrated because the heat can hit them harder than they expect.
• He forgot to turn off the stove, and the extreme heat nearly hit the boiling point.

• Hit  - /hɪt/ - ударять, удар

Короткий звук "ɪ", рифмуется со словами "sit" и "bit".

• Heat - /hiːt/ - жара, жар

Долгий звук "iː", рифмуется со словами "meet" and "seat".

/ i:/ и / ɪ /

close, cloth

close - /kloʊs/ - когда прилагательное

close - /kloʊz/ - когда глагол

cloth - /klɔːθ/

   

• Please close the door gently so the wind doesn’t blow away the cloth on the table.
• She hung a piece of cloth over the window to keep it close to pitch black inside.
• The tailor cut the cloth carefully, making sure to get a close fit.
• He held the cloth close to the fire to dry it faster.
• If you look close enough, you’ll see a small stain on the cloth.
• The artist used a soft cloth to wipe the painting, keeping his movements close to the surface.
• She pressed the cloth close to the wound to stop the bleeding.
• The factory workers handled the cloth with care, inspecting each roll up close before shipping.
• After ironing, she folded the cloth neatly and placed it close to the other linens.
• He wrapped a warm cloth around his shoulders and sat close to the fireplace.

• Close - 1) /kloʊs/ - когда прилагательное: близкий, 2)  /kloʊz/ когда глагол: закрывать

Когда прилагательной близкий, то /kloʊs/ и рифмуется с "dose".

Когда глагол закрывать, то /kloʊz/ и рифмуется с "hose".

• Cloth - /klɔːθ/ - ткань

Оканчивается на мягкий звук "th" как в слове "both".

abject, object

abject - /ˈæbˌdʒɛkt/

object - /ˈɒbdʒɛkt/  - существительное

object - /əbˈdʒɛkt/  - глагол

• The abject poverty in the city made the broken statue an object of sorrow.
• His abject apology did not change the object of our disagreement.
• She lived in abject conditions, with no valuable object to her name.
• The prisoner’s abject plea for mercy did not sway the judge, who remained focused on the object of the trial.
• The film depicted the abject suffering of war victims, making it an object of deep discussion.
• His abject failure in business turned his once-prized invention into a worthless object.
• He spoke with abject despair, treating his old trophy as just another dusty object on the shelf.
• Their abject living conditions made even a simple toy an object of great joy.
• The refugees' abject situation turned food into an object of survival rather than pleasure.
• His abject fear of rejection made him avoid becoming the object of anyone’s attention.

• Abject - /ˈæbˌdʒɛkt/ или /ˈæbˌdʒɪkt/ - отвратительный, жалкий, презренный

Ударение на первый слог, первый звук æ.

• Object  - 1) /ˈɒbdʒɛkt/ - когда существительное: объект, предмет, цель, 2)  /əbˈdʒɛkt/ - когда глагол - возражать

 Когда существительное, ударение на первый слог, первый звук ɒ : OB-ject

 Когда глагол, ударение на второй слог, первый звук ə: ob-JECT

Занятие 8. Звук / æ /

Занятие 22. Звук / ɒ /

Занятие 50. Звук / ə /

Звук / ɒ / - разница в произношении между British и American English

us, ass

us - /ʌs/

ass - /æs/

•  Us - /ʌs/ - нас

 Произносится с коротким расслабленным английским звуком "uh", таким, как в словах "fun"и "sun." 

Звук "s" в конце слова очень слабый "s".

•  Ass - /æs/ - задница

Произносится с коротким открытым, более акцентированным звуком "a", как в словах "cat" и "hat".

Оканчивается на сильный, явный звук "s".

sack, suck

sack- /sæk/

suck - /sʌk/

• He threw the sack over his shoulder and complained, "These long trips really suck".
• If you leave the sack of potatoes in the rain, they’ll suck up all the water.
• The vacuum can easily suck out the dust from the old sack.
• He reached into the sack of candy, only to find that all the chocolates had melted into a sticky suck of a mess.
• The baby tried to suck on the bottle, but it was empty, just like the sack of flour.
• She filled the sack with rice, making sure it didn’t suck in any moisture.
• The football player held onto the sack, knowing that dropping it would really suck for his team.
• He placed the sack of groceries on the counter and muttered, "Prices really suck these days".
• If you poke a hole in the sack, it might suck in air and lose its airtight seal.
• Carrying such a heavy sack up the stairs is going to suck all my energy.

• Sack (/sæk/) -  мешок, куль. Рифмуется со словами "back" и"track".

"Sack" имеет короткий звук "a", как в слове "cat".

• Suck (/sʌk/)  - сосать, впитывать, втянуть. Рифмуется со словами "luck" и "truck".

"Suck" имеет короткий звук "u", как в слове "cup".

row, raw

row - /roʊ/

raw - /rɔː/

• He sat in the front row while eating a plate of raw vegetables.
• The chef arranged the sushi in a neat row on the platter, showcasing the fresh raw fish.
• After a heated row with his friend, he stormed out into the raw night air.
• The farmer planted the seeds in a straight row, hoping they would grow well in the raw soil.
• The artist painted a row of houses using raw and vibrant colors.
• She carefully aligned the freshly cut logs in a row, leaving the raw wood exposed.
• The wrestling team sat in a row on the bench, applying ice to their raw bruises.
• The butcher arranged the raw steaks in a perfect row on the counter.
• The students stood in a row, shivering in the raw morning air.
• His hands were raw from rowing the boat across the lake in a steady row of strokes.

• Row - /roʊ/ - 1) ряд, 2) ссора

рифмуется с go, snow, show.

Длинный  английский звук "roh" - "o".

We sat in the front row of the theater.

Row в значении ссора в British English иногда произносится как /raʊ/ рифмуясь с "cow", но в American English это слово произносится как /roʊ/.

After a heated row with his friend, Jake stormed out into the raw winter air.

• Raw - /rɔː/ или /rɑː/ - сырой, необработанный

рифмуется с saw, law, flaw.

Широкий английский звук "aw".

I don’t like eating raw fish.